Chapter 18: Possessive Articles
🧩 Introduction
Possessive articles (Possessivartikel) help us express ownership or relationships. In English, we use words like my, your, his, her, our, and their. In German, these change based on the gender, number, and case of the noun they describe.
Why are they important?
They allow you to personalize your communication:
- my book → mein Buch
- her brother → ihr Bruder
🧠 Theory & Grammar
1. Possessive Articles in Nominative Case
| Person | Masculine/Neuter | Feminine/Plural |
|---|---|---|
| ich (I) | mein | meine |
| du (you - informal) | dein | deine |
| er (he) | sein | seine |
| sie (she) | ihr | ihre |
| es (it) | sein | seine |
| wir (we) | unser | unsere |
| ihr (you all) | euer | eure |
| sie (they) | ihr | ihre |
| Sie (you - formal) | Ihr | Ihre |
💡 Note: Possessive articles act like ein-words, and their endings change depending on the case and gender.
2. Possessive Articles in Accusative Case
| Person | Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ich | meinen | mein | meine | meine |
| du | deinen | dein | deine | deine |
| er | seinen | sein | seine | seine |
| sie | ihren | ihr | ihre | ihre |
| wir | unseren | unser | unsere | unsere |
| ihr | euren | euer | eure | eure |
3. Possessive Articles in Dative Case (optional preview)
| Person | Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ich | meinem | meinem | meiner | meinen |
| du | deinem | deinem | deiner | deinen |
| er | seinem | seinem | seiner | seinen |
Full dative explanations are in the Dativ Chapter.
🧾 Vocabulary List (Thematic)
| German | English | Example |
|---|---|---|
| das Buch | the book | Mein Buch ist neu. |
| der Bruder | the brother | Ihr Bruder ist nett. |
| die Schwester | the sister | Seine Schwester ist klug. |
| die Eltern | the parents | Unsere Eltern wohnen in Berlin. |
| das Auto | the car | Dein Auto ist schnell. |
| der Hund | the dog | Sein Hund ist alt. |
| die Tasche | the bag | Meine Tasche ist schwer. |
🔍 Usage & Context
- Expressing Ownership: Das ist mein Stift. (That’s my pen.)
- Describing Relationships: Ihr Vater ist Arzt. (Her father is a doctor.)
- Formal Communication: Ist das Ihr Handy? (Is this your phone? – formal)
- Plural Nouns: Always use meine, deine, seine, etc. → regardless of gender → because plural has its own rule.
💬 Practical Examples
🗨️ Dialogue 1
Anna: Ist das dein Buch?
Ben: Nein, das ist mein Buch.
🗨️ Dialogue 2
Lehrer: Wo ist eure Hausaufgabe?
Schüler: Wir haben unsere Hausaufgabe vergessen.
📝 Exercises
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive article:
a) Ich liebe ___ (mein) Katze.
b) Du hast ___ (dein) Schlüssel vergessen.
c) Wo ist ___ (ihr - she) Laptop?
d) Wir suchen ___ (unser) Freunde.
e) Ist das ___ (dein - formal) Handy, Herr Müller?
2. Match the sentences to the correct meaning:
- Seine Mutter ist Lehrerin.
- Unser Hund ist sehr freundlich.
- Ihre Bücher sind auf dem Tisch.
- Mein Vater ist Ingenieur.
- Eure Wohnung ist schön.
a) Your (plural) apartment is nice.
b) Our dog is very friendly.
c) My father is an engineer.
d) His mother is a teacher.
e) Her books are on the table.
3. Translate into German:
a) My sister is in the kitchen.
b) Their car is red.
c) Your (formal) children are here.
d) His friend lives in Berlin.
e) Our parents are strict.
🎴 Flashcards
Q: What is "my dog" in German (nominative)?
A: Mein Hund
Q: How do you say “our house” in German?
A: Unser Haus
Q: What is the possessive form of “they” in German?
A: ihr / ihre
Q: Translate: "Is this your (informal) key?"
A: Ist das dein Schlüssel?
Q: What is “her book” in German?
A: Ihr Buch
📘 Workbook Summary & Tasks
Summary:
- Possessive articles are mein, dein, sein, ihr, unser, euer.
- They change depending on gender, number, and case.
- Use them to show who owns what or who is related to whom.
Workbook Tasks:
- Write 5 sentences describing your family members using possessive articles.
- Create a dialogue with a friend about lost items using mein, dein, ihr, etc.
- Identify the case and correct form of each possessive article in a short paragraph.
🎧 Multimedia Resources
- YouTube: Learn German with Jenny – “Possessive Pronouns”
- Podcast: Coffee Break German – Episode 10 (Possessive adjectives)
- Interactive Site: https://deutsch.lingolia.com
- App Practice: Duolingo → Grammar → Possessive adjectives section
🗣️ Speaking Help
Practice the following speaking drills:
- "Das ist ___ (mein) Freund."
- "___ (dein) Tasche ist auf dem Tisch."
- "Wie heißt ___ (ihr) Vater?"
- Roleplay at school: Teacher asks for your homework → use mein / unsere
Practice describing photos or drawings using possessive articles: Das ist meine Mutter. Das ist unser Haus.
🌍 Cultural Note
In German, using Ihr (capitalized) shows formality and respect. It’s often used in business letters, public announcements, or polite speech.
✅ Review Section
Mini Quiz
- What is the correct possessive article for “his sister”?
- Translate: “Our dog is friendly.”
- Fill in: “Das ist ___ Buch (she).”
- What’s the formal version of “your”?
- Translate: “My parents live in Germany.”
Key Takeaways
- Learn base possessive forms: mein, dein, sein, ihr, unser, euer
- Match the article to gender, number, case
- Use them to describe relationships, ownership, and identity